Illuminator.



W. DA. RYAN ILLUMINATOR- APPLICATION IILED PEB.18.1909. 1M9 13,1 (3 Patented Mar. 31, 19141 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTEIR.

WiTNEEx;

WALTER DA. R AN.

4W0? CF13, a ziliizi w. DA. RYAN.

ILLUMINATOR.

APPLIGATION FILED PEB.18.1909.

Patented M21131, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTUR:

WALTER DARYAN ATTY.

WE 'll insi ni m i were u their it WALTER EA. RYAN, 0F 'WATERTOWN, SOU'll-i DAKGTA, ASSIGNOR TO GENEE'AL ELEGTRXC COMPANY, A EGRPGRATIUN 0F INE JV YOEK.

Specification. of hettcrs Patent.

Fatented Mar, $1, Lilli l...

Application filed ti'ebruary 1 5, 1969. Serial fu'o. 472,711.

vices for producing a soft and uniform illumiuation and. more particularly to illu nimating devices of the type in which a source of light of great brilliancy 1sshielded or protected in such a manner that no direct.

rays of light oi great intensity strike the eye of the observer and the light 13 so softoned and diii'used that it is rendered agree-- able to the eye.

The direct light from unshielded are lamps and incandescent lamps having filaments of high brilliancy is injurious and disagreeable to the eye and it has been proposed to secure a uniform and agreeable illumination from such lamps by inclosing or otherwise shielding the lamp by means of a translucent shade of porcelain, opal glass, or similar material; by concealing the lamp from the ohserver by an opaque shade with a reflector placed to direct the r y of light in the desired direction. and also by using incandescent lamps with part of the bulb frosted or etched for the purpose of diffusing the light from the filament, there being used in connection with the froslcd incandescent lamp some form of reflector arranged to reflect the light passing through the clear part of the bulb and to mingle the reflected rays with the rays passing through the frosted portion 01" the lamp. It has been found that if the translucent porcelain or glass shade is made thin enough to transmit enough light to be of any value.

the source oi light becomes visible and of sui'licient intensity to be harmful to the eye; the systems of illumination in which the lamps are entirely concealed and the light is directed solely by .m'cans of reilcclors are inefficient and produce a. disagrc able eiiect 0n the eye; while a lamp bulb which has hecn ii'rostcd or etched diil'uscs the light to a certain extent, but produces the same effect as though it, urface were cut into a great number ofzrc ctingplancs or facets, so thatthe rays ofdlghtpassing through the frosted portion of thabulb are divided into numerous regular penc ls of light, which produce practically the same dazzling and injurious effect on the eye as the direct rays from. the unshielded. portion of the filament.

The object of my invention is to provide an illuminating device in which lamps having a high intrinsic hrilliancy can be used to produce a soft and uniform illumination; in which the effect produced. is agreeable to the eye and. in. which the lamp is so proteoted and. shielded that direct rays of light "from the lamp cannot reach the eye of the observer. I

In carrying out my invention the source of light concealed from the observer by a translucent shade, preferably constructed oi material having a color agreeable to the eye and provided with an irregularly undulating roughened or wavy surface for producing an irregular dispersion or diffusion of the transmitted light. No two unit areas of the roughened or wavy surface of the glass are similar and every portion of the surface differs in shape and diifusing properties from every adjoining portion. ll ith a shade constructed. in this manner the rays of light transmitted through the shade can never assume the form of ii'ell defined pencils or beams of light as in the case of light transmitted through frosted glass. Theshade may be made of any suitable material, preferably oi What is .lniown art glass which can procured in various colors and of various thicknesses, and has one side smooth, while the oppos to side is irregularly undulating or Wary. The shade is formed by uniting pieces of art glass by means of lead in the customary manner, but with the smooth side of the glass toward the source of light, The shade is preferably inv form oi a dish or cup mounted with the openend upward and in a position to surround the source of light. Any suitable reilectoris mounted above the open end of the shade and the light received from the complete illuminating device consists of the light transmitted through the art glass and thereby irregularly diffused and softened, and,also of the reflected. rays of light which the reflector causes to mingle with the rays transmitted through the shade. The parts are so proportioned that the source of light is completely concealed from the eye oi the observer and the result obtained. an even and uniform illumination I which "has been practiceto .be. very agreeable to them agreeable t form of reflecto is made of art glass wit side toward the source ably with a backing'o silver or some similar're cause all the r through'the rou to be reflected back through face and thereby be softens whereby all the light reflect glass reflector eye.

My inventionwill best bev understood in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are merely illustrations of some of the many various forms in which the invention may be embodied and in which Figure 1 is a perspective of device with the shade and provided with arefl nary type; Fig. 2 a cro vice shown in Fig. 1';

view of an art glass shad art glass reflector, and F of the device shown in Fig In the specificembodiment of my invention shown in the drawi lamp having a metallic great intrinsic brillian'cy is mounted in'a socket 1, as indicated in the drawin ted lines, and the filament of th shielded from the e means of a shade w relation to the lamp ing rod 2 connecte upper end and to the sha As shown in Figs. 1 and preferably ii -the form of a dish or bell and is mounted with the open-end upward, as shown in Fig. 2, in such a relation to the lamp that the filament of the la is prac tically inclosed by the shade, alt relation of. the shade to the lam varied to any extent, as long as completely hides the fi of the observer. V

As best-shown in Fig 2 mdf4, th'e shade is constructed- 15ipiecesjofart' glass 3 held together-by ate 4 in thefeustoma manner: One side of th e'art glass orsi'mi a-r translucent material is smootha'nd'the other side is roughened by irregular undulations or waves. The -piecesof art glass are mounted with the'smooth side in, so that the interior of the shade is comparatively smooth, while the exterior is roughened and wavy. The

found in the eye.

While any type of as part of m reflector may be usedy illuminating device, it is often desirable to construct a refiectorwhich will disperse 'the reflected ,rays of light in an irregular manner to soften them and render o the eye. The preferred securing this reslilt, t h the rougher w of light and profit" 11 the 'smooth'fsidehf fleeting material'to ays of fight which; pass: of the, art glass. the rough sur-T d. and diffused,"

gh surface ed from the art is rendered agreeable to the view of one form made of art glass ectorof the ordiss-section of the def- Fig. 3 a perspective e provided with an 4 a cross-section ngs, an incandescent or other filament of,

ye of the observer by hich is held in proper bym'eans of a support. d to the socket at its de at its lower end. 2, the shade is made lament from the eye 'ing upon its thickness and color, and part at f thelight from the lamp is reflected from the smooth .inner surface of the shade, while another part'is transmitted through the art glass-and is'irregularly difiused and thereby softened by the irregularly roughened an Qwerty-router surface of the glass. A further advantage is secured in constructing the shadein the manner above described, since the smooth inner surface of the less iacili; 1 fates the removal of the dust which tends to lcoll'ect in a'shade of the form shown in the drawings, while it would be very diflicult to clean a shade of this type if the rough side gf the glass were in and became covered with net, 1

In the s ecific form of device shown in Fi 1 undi 2 the direct light from the-lain" an merger which is reflected from the cepted by lzny suitable reflector 5 mounted smoothi inner' surface of the shadeis inter cause therefiected rays .telfmingle with. thelight transmitted through the translucent shade, therebyproduein a uniforinfillhmination which is agreeahe to the gcye. jThe shade 5, as shown inFi 2, extends far'enoughto intercepta the rays-of light:

from the filament which d .not'pass through 'observer tdlook directly at an unshielded portion of the filament of the lamp."-

.95" the-shade sothatit is impossible for the While... the form of illuminating device above describedmroduces a very even and?" agreeable illuminationpit is desirable underv some -l-eircumstancesg :t'o" "further. modify and" difi'u' s e the light-by; means of a reflectorhaw I I ing "an; irregularlyroughened or wavy sur I on:,--.,.

face. and in raccordance with my invent! a refiectorg'ofthis lkind is secured, asshown in Fig 4,,by fastening to' ethe'r'piecesfd of art glass byJneans of-leaki cry mannerQ I'ihe reflector is so formed that the roughenedorwavy 'side of the art glass is toward the lamp and, if desired, the smooth side of the glass may be covered witha reflecting film 8 of silver or similar material. With a reflector constructed in this manner, the direct rays of light from the filament of the lamp impinge upon the roughened surface of the reflector and are thereby irregularly diffused and softened.v A portion of the light passing through the roughened surface of the art glass isrefiected by the metallic surface 8 and iss'till further difi'used and softened as it asses the second time through the roughene or wavy surface of the glass.

A reflector constructed as above described may be used in connection with an opaque shade in which case the reflected light will be diffused and softened and thereby ren dered agreeable to the eye, or, in the preferred construction, both the shade and the li e 7' 1 the custom:

reflector are eonsiru zieil of glass, as shown in Figs 3 and 4- and time illiimin; secured exceedingly iinii'omi and of a way desirable qiialiiy.

It is obvious that various changes; Zlfill modifications may be mmlo' in my invention and that under some circumstances it may be desirable to make pziiri'. of the salmale of lass which is considerably thick 2sv (l more opaque than the remainiior, wliio llllllU'l some circiiiiisi'ances, as in picture gzilleiitiee it may be desirable to make ill-atof illd" shade which lSlOWilll llio observer of which is practically opaque, and iiiei'eb rest practically all the light of the lamp through the glass on the other side of the sbacle 3116i lLOWflYd the pictures thereby pro-- Clucing very even illumination of The pichues and displaying them under the best conditions. Tliese'and similar changes and modifications which are Within llie spirit and scope of my invention are intended to be included in ilie scope of the eppem'led claims. 1

What 1' claim as new i i "l ziesice to secui'o by Letters Pe'ient of lllE: 111 l States, i5, 1. In an illuminating device ilie cojmbinw iion with a lamp, of e. Shade 5 lilpefl to parlzially inclose saiel lamp having light t on mitting Walls with an inner smooth surface towzii'cl the lamp anal an outer irregularly Wavy surface any t-Wo unit areas of which are dissimilar in configuration whereby irregular dispoi'sion of the transmitted light is procliioedl, and means arranged for miim gling the light Form the interior. of Said shade with the lightlx'misioii zied llii'o'ugli saiii Walls.

2. In an illuminating oevice the eoiiiloiiie tion with a lamp'oi a shade shaped to par tially inolose seicl lamp having translucent walls mode of pieces of each having :1 fiat smoothsuriace on one side and iiregularly Wavy surface on the -OiJllf side any two unit Mess of which are olissimil2.}? said pieces being; arranged with their smooth surface toward said iziiiip vi liereli the irregularly "Wavy surface produces i1":

megular dispersion of the li'ansmitlezi iigiiit ancl means mountecl $0 mingle the light the interior of said shade with the ii'ifigiP lzuly dispersed light.

1:3. An illuminating; device comprising with a lamp, a lamp shade in the form of an. open ended vessel having light transmitting for holding lie open and in 'lfililifll'i io pnz'iizilly iiicloeo lamp w. relay ihe irreguiziily wov suipi'oiluws an irregular clispe 'sion of tho irenemill'eil iigiil, and iiiezms adjacent said. open and ic iii iowropl the liglil; from the iiiliiifli oi i6 shade and mingle it with the l miismi'li'ieil if i l. I'm illi with :1 lemo,

R vive vompi'isiiig ole shaped to pm iizilly lHRlOSQ owing; liziiisliiceiii walls; with ll. i Hiiiooio iiiiiei' siwlfsice and an irregular wavy outer surface {my iQWG unit areas f ll fll ilissiiiiiliir whereby the liglii'i bifiiiisriiiieil liiioizgli mill iliglb lzu'l}: Wavy so lice is irregularly (lispei'sed, and o reflector lllOlilllQil lo ii'iiiio'le illd re floated iiglit from ilie interior or said slimle "with the llieglllm'l f dispersed trnnsii'iilteil light.

5. in an illuminating device, the L'fiiilblmlr tion with :i la: oi? a Slilll'llfl shaped lo par-- dolly incl-use (l i izmi imvinp; liiceii walls in-mile ii? picture of glass each having a iii-oi sinooiii inner mail on iriegiiliiriy Wei-'3; outer sin Inn: in a;

ilecio-r moon to iii 'i le liQ light from the interior of so! i eiinzle v: the light traosmilled through said ii illlfilllifelll Willis.

6; in am iiliaiiiimliing AlGVlCG lie combinotion with i lamp, of a lamp .vlinrle in the foiioi of an opeo-oiiile i vessel lowing titans lizcent wells nzzule of pieces f glass, each having a smooth inner sii Jase ziiicl on if? regularly wavy oiiiiei' S'i'liilif'8 iiiezms for holding seiii slmilewitli the open enl up anal iii position to pmlially inclose sziicl lamp, and a reflector mounted fiCljflCQili; lGSiblfl open end to inl'erceoiz the .liglit from the inloi'ioi" of sai shade and inii' l e ii Wi'iJil the light mummified through siiicl swirl l'QllGCiOi osing; composed of pieces of gloss flat and smooth on one side and irregularly :1 All. 

